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Defensible space (fire control)
Defensible Space, (sometimes called 'firescaping'), in the context of fire control, is the natural and landscaped area around a structure that has been maintained and designed to reduce fire danger, sometimes called 'Firescaping'.〔http://www.sbcfire.com/fp/hrp/landscape%20checklist.pdf SBCFD-Firescaping. Retrieved 4/26/2010〕 "Defensible space" is also used in the context of wildfires, especially in the wildland-urban interface (WUI).〔http://www.fire.ca.gov/communications/communications_firesafety_100feet.php CAL-FIRE intro Retrieved 4/26/2010〕 This defensible space reduces the risk that fire will spread from the surroundings to the structure and provides firefighters access and a safer area to defend it from. Firefighters sometimes do not attempt to protect structures without adequate defensible space, as it is less safe and less likely to succeed.
==Criteria==
*A first concept of Defensible Space for most fire agencies' primary goal of fuel reduction is a recommended or required defensible space around a structure to extend for at least in all directions.〔http://www.sbcfire.com/fp/hrp/defensible_space_requlation.pdf SBCFD-regulation. Retrieved 4/26/2010〕
*A second concept of Defensible Space is "Fuel Reduction." This means plants are selectively thinned and pruned to reduce the combustible fuel mass of the remaining plants. The goal is to break up the more continuous and dense uninterrupted layer of vegetation.
*A third concept of Defensible Space is "Fuel Ladder" management. Like rungs on a ladder, vegetation can be present at varying heights from groundcovers to trees. Ground fuel 'rungs' such as dried grasses, can transmit fire to shrub rungs, which then transmit up tree branch rungs into the tree canopy. A burning tree produces embers that can blow to new areas spreading and so making it more difficult to control a wildland fire. One guideline is for a typical separation of three times the height of the lower fuel to the next fuel ladder. For example, a shrub under a tree would need a spacing of to the lowest limbs of the tree. Since wildfires burn faster uphill than on flat land, fuel ladder spacing may need to be greater for slopes.〔http://www.sbcfire.com/fp/hrp.html SBCFD-intro. Retrieved 4/26/2010〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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